An Analysis of Reference in J.K. Rowling's Novel: Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince

The aim of this study were to reveal what types of reference applied in J.K. Rowling’s novel entitled Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, to find out the frequently appeared type of reference applied in this novel. But last not the least, it also covered to what extent the famous author like J.K. Rowling applied reference in one of her famous novel.
This study is a qualitative research and the writer is the main instrument in collecting data. The source of data is J.K. Rowling’s novel entitled Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The data are those utterances uttered by Harry Potter as the main character in this novel. These data are classified into codes until get the result.
Among of reference types existed, anaphora as the frequently appeared type in this novel , and the extent why this type became the frequently appeared type are the results of this study which data are 119 data of anaphora, 8 data of ellipsis, and 5 data of cataphora. The extent are fact is that anaphora in antecedent anaphor pattern is very good in making composition. The author make some reference to potray the character clearer. Moreover, the concept of anaphora is the antecedent appears earlier than the anaphor. So that, the reader still has information related to the anaphor as the subsequent expression. It also proves that anaphora is the common one according to Yule. In anaphora which Rowling wrote, the antecedent was in the previous narration, previous utterance by other speaker, or in one utterance a few words before the anaphor appears.