Face and Politeness Analysis in The Novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Muhammad Rifqi Rif’at. 190511100122. English Study Program. Face and Politeness Analysis in The Novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This study aims to explain the type of face of politeness used by all characters in the novel, Minke, Robert Suurhof, Annelies, Nyai Ontosoroh, Herman Mellema, Robert Mellema, Darsam, Magda Peter, Jean Marais, Jan Dappersete, Dr. Martinet, and Ir. Maurits Mellema. Furthermore, this study clarifies the sociological variables influencing all characters using the face and politeness strategy. The author used the face and politeness strategy in Brown and Levinson theory (1987). There are six strategies in Brown and Levinson theory (1987): Positive Face, Negative Face, Positive Politeness, Negative politeness, Bald on Record, and Off-Record. Meanwhile, the writer also used the theory to analyse the sociological variables used by all characters. The data of this study was the utterances of all characters. The writer collected the data by reading the novel, identifying the utterances of all characters, and giving them codes. In analysing the data, the writer used Kothari (2004) methods. Then, the data are reduced and verified to get accurate results of the research. The study results discovered that all characters' utterances used to face and politeness strategies in interaction. There were 54 data acquired from the declaration by all characters. The most dominant used strategy in all characters is positive politeness in 20 times and 16 times negative politeness. Then, 14 times for the positive face and 2 times for the negative face. Last, 2 times for off-record. In addition, sociological variables were used 42 times for social distance, 2 times for relative power, and 10 times for absolute ranking of impositions.